Certified Advanced Alcohol and Drug Counselor (CAADC) Practice Exam

Which therapeutic technique is based on classical conditioning?

1. Contingency Management

2. Systematic Desensitization

3. Aversion Therapy

4. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

The correct answer is: Systematic Desensitization

The therapeutic technique that is based on classical conditioning is systematic desensitization. This method is primarily used to help individuals overcome phobias and anxiety disorders. The process involves gradually exposing the individual to the feared object or situation while simultaneously employing relaxation techniques to reduce the fear response. Systematic desensitization leverages the principles of classical conditioning by associating a previously aversive stimulus (the feared object or situation) with a new, more positive response (relaxation). Through repeated exposure in a controlled environment, the individual learns to connect the fear with relaxation instead of anxiety. This gradual and systematic approach changes the conditioned response to the fear-inducing stimulus. In contrast, contingency management focuses on reinforcing desired behaviors through rewards and does not primarily rely on classical conditioning principles. Aversion therapy utilizes aversive stimuli to reduce undesirable behaviors, typically not focusing on classical conditioning as its primary mechanism. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) emphasizes the relationship between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, and while it can incorporate some behavioral techniques, it is not rooted in classical conditioning itself. Thus, systematic desensitization is the technique that clearly aligns with the principles of classical conditioning.