Certified Advanced Alcohol and Drug Counselor (CAADC) Practice Exam

According to Freudian developmental theory, which stages represent human development?

1. Pre contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance

2. Oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital

3. Oral, anal, phallic, and self actualization

4. Oral, anal, phallic, latency, and cognitive

The correct answer is: Oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital

The correct choice reflects the stages of psychosexual development as proposed by Sigmund Freud, which are fundamental to his theories of personality development. In Freud's model, human development progresses through five distinct stages: oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital. Each stage is characterized by specific challenges and conflicts that an individual must navigate to develop a healthy personality. During the oral stage, which occurs from birth to about 18 months, the infant's pleasure centers on the mouth, feeding, and weaning. The anal stage, from about 18 months to three years, emphasizes control, with toilet training being a central task. The phallic stage, occurring roughly from ages three to six, involves the exploration of body awareness and sexuality, including the Oedipus and Electra complexes. Latency, spanning from age six to puberty, is a period of relative calm where sexual urges are subdued, and focus shifts toward social interactions and learning. Finally, the genital stage begins at puberty and involves the maturation of sexual interests and the development of intimate relationships. Understanding these stages is essential in the context of psychodynamic therapy and counseling, as they can influence personality and behavior in adulthood. The other choices mix different concepts and stages that do not